Dificuldades experienciadas no cotidiano dos adolescentes em ambiente escolar: gatilhos para o surgimento do sofrimento mental / Difficulties experienced in the daily life of adolescents in the school environment: triggers for the emergency of mental suffering / Dificultades vivendas en el cotidiano de los adolescentes en el ámbito escolar: desencadenantes de la emergencia del sufrimiento mental

A adolescência é um período de experimentação e autodescoberta marcada por inúmeras transformações. Estas transformações quando associada a outras condições em que o adolescente não consegue lidar, podem culminar em depressão. Diante disso, este estudo tem por objetivo analisar, por meio dos discursos, saberes e experiências dos adolescentes acerca das dificuldades vivenciadas no cotidiano que levam ao sofrimento mental. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, mediado pela pesquisa- ação. Participaram do estudo dezessete adolescentes estudantes da Escola Técnica localizada na Paraíba, estado do Nordeste do Brasil. Para proceder à ordenação e organização dos dados empíricos, produzidos nas entrevistas semiestruturadas, recorreu- se ao processo metodológico do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. O estudo teve início após a aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Considerou-se três temáticas: obstáculos no vivenciar do ambiente escolar como geradoras de angústias nos adolescentes, desestrutura nas relações familiares no surgimento do sofrimento mental e o bullying velado nas brincadeiras. Foi possível identificar problemáticas pertinentes à depressão, também possibilitou a discussão e análise sobre saberes e experiências dos adolescentes acerca das dificuldades vivenciadas no cotidiano que levam ao sofrimento mental. Ainda, oportunizou o compartilhamento das experiências vividas e um maior conhecimento sobre a relação desses adolescentes com os motivos pelos quais surge esse estresse psicológico.

Adolescence is a period of experimentation and self-discovery marked by numerous transformations. These transformations, when associated with other conditions that the teenager cannot deal with, can culminate in depression. Therefore, this study aims to analyze, through the speeches, knowledge and experiences of adolescents about the difficulties experienced in everyday life that lead to mental suffering. This is a descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, mediated by action research. Seventeen adolescent students from the Technical School located in Paraíba, in the Northeast of Brazil, participated in the study. To order and organize the empirical data produced in the semi- structured interviews, the methodological process of the Discourse of the Collective Subject was used. The study began after approval by the Research Ethics Committee. Three themes were considered: obstacles in experiencing the school environment as generators of anguish in adolescents, disruption of family relationships in the emergence of mental suffering and veiled bullying in games. It was possible to identify issues related to depression, also enabling the discussion and analysis of knowledge and experiences of adolescents about the difficulties experienced in everyday life that lead to mental suffering. Still, it provided opportunities for sharing experiences and greater knowledge about the relationship of these adolescents with the reasons why this psychological stress arises.

La adolescencia es un período de experimentación y autodescubrimiento marcado por numerosas transformaciones. Estas transformaciones, cuando se asocian a otras condiciones que el adolescente no puede afrontar, pueden culminar en depresión. Por lo tanto, este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar, a través de los discursos, los conocimientos y experiencias de los adolescentes sobre las dificultades vividas en la vida cotidiana que conducen al sufrimiento mental. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo, mediado por la investigación acción. Participaron del estudio diecisiete adolescentes estudiantes de la Escuela Técnica ubicada en Paraíba, en el Nordeste de Brasil. Para ordenar y organizar los datos empíricos producidos en las entrevistas semiestructuradas se utilizó el proceso metodológico del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. El estudio se inició después de la aprobación por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Se consideraron tres temas: obstáculos en la vivencia del ambiente escolar como generador de angustia en los adolescentes, ruptura de las relaciones familiares en la aparición del sufrimiento psíquico y acoso velado en los juegos. Fue posible identificar cuestiones relacionadas con la depresión, posibilitando también la discusión y el análisis de saberes y experiencias de los adolescentes sobre las dificultades vividas en el cotidiano que conducen al sufrimiento psíquico. Aún así, brindó oportunidades para compartir experiencias y un mayor conocimiento sobre la relación de estos adolescentes con las causas por las que surge este estrés psicológico.

Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts on Depression in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

@#Introduction: Depression is a mental disorder that is increasingly common nowadays. It can emerge as morbidity in chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The leaf extract of Moringa oleifera (MO) has shown to be a complementary therapy in depression, besides its anti-inflammatory role. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of MO leaf extract on Depression in RA patients. Methods: This quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design comprised 32 RA patients. The participants were divided into the control (n = 16) and intervention (n = 16) groups. The intervention group received two MO leaf extract-containing capsules b.i.d. for 28 days. The depression was evaluated by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and serum cortisol test. Statistical analyses used both paired and unpaired t-tests. Results: The posttest means comparison of BDI-II and serum cortisol showed a significant difference between groups (p = 0.031 and p = 0.015, respectively). The pretest-posttest difference within the control group did not show significant improvement in BDI-II and serum cortisol (p = 0.076 and p = 0.106). Meanwhile, significant BDI-II and serum cortisol improvement were found in the intervention group (p = 0.003 and p = 0.048, respectively). Conclusion: MO leaf extract reduces depression in RA patients based on BDI-II and serum cortisol assessment.

Quem cuida de quem cuida? Levantamento e caracterização da saúde mental de profissionais da saúde frente à pandemia do Covid-19 / Who takes care of those who care? ­ A survey on the mental health of health professionals facing the Covid-19 pandemic

A pandemia da COVID-19 alterou os cenários do mundo todo, bem como as rotinas e as formas de viver. Os profissionais da saúde fazem parte da população atuante na linha de frente, e, por sua vez, tornam-se um grupo de risco, o que causa sentimentos como estresse e ansiedade, podendo chegar a apresentar sinais de depressão. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar a presença de indicativos de ansiedade, de estresse e de depressão, relacionando-os com habilidades sociais, em 70 profissionais da área da saúde de uma cidade do interior do Paraná. Para a avaliação de tais variáveis, foram utilizados a Escala HAD para avaliar sinais/sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, a Escala de Estresse Percebido (EPS-10) para avaliar a variável estresse e um questionário aberto adaptado (CABALLO, 2003) para as habilidades sociais. A partir dos resultados obtidos, observou-se que a grande maioria apresenta sinais indicativos de depressão (79,7%), bem como sinais de ansiedade (78,6%), além disso, apresentam elevados índices de estresse quando comparados à amostra normativa brasileira. Dessa forma, entende-se que os profissionais da saúde estão predispostos a apresentarem resultados elevados, visto que estão expostos a um contexto estressor e de risco, necessitando também de estratégias de cuidado. Ainda, é importante que haja mais estudos na área, uma vez que, o contexto da pandemia da COVID-19 é algo novo e requer novas formas de enfrentamento.

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the world's scenarios as well as the routines and ways of living. Health professionals are part of the population acting in the front line, and in turn, they have become a risk group, which causes feelings such as stress and anxiety, with some may even showing signs of depression. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to characterize the presence of signs of anxiety, stress and depression and relate them to social skills in 70 health professionals in a city in Paraná. For the evaluation of such variables, the HAD Instrument Scale was used to evaluate signs/symptoms of anxiety and depression, with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) also being used to evaluate the stress variable, in addition to an adapted open questionnaire (CABALLO, 2003) for social skills. From the results obtained, it could be observed that the majority of the participants presents signs of depression (79.7%), as well as signs of anxiety (78.6%). Furthermore, they also present high levels of stress when compared to the Brazilian normative sample. Thus, it can be understood that health professionals are predisposed to presenting high results, since they are exposed to a stressful and high-risk context and are also in need of caring strategies. Furthermore, it is important to further expand studies in the area, given that the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is something new and therefore, requires new forms of confrontation.

Depressão, ansiedade, estresse e qualidade de vida de estudantes de universidades pública e privada / Depression, anxiety, stress and quality of life of students from public and private universities / Depresión, ansiedad, estrés y calidad de vida para estudiantes de universidades públicas y privadas

INTRODUÇÃO: Variáveis como depressão, ansiedade, estresse e qualidade de vida oferecem indicativos de saúde e doença de jovens, estudantes em fase de formação profissional, uma vez que representam quatro das dez principais causas de incapacidade no mundo. OBJETIVO GERAL: Avaliar e correlacionar a presença de sinais e sintomas de depressão, ansiedade, estresse e qualidade de vida de universitários de duas instituições, sendo uma pública e outra privada; OBJETIVOS: a) Caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico; b) Avaliar sintomas de depressão, sinais de ansiedade e estresse e qualidade de vida geral; c) correlacionar as variáveis qualidade de vida, sinais e sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e estresse. MÉTODO: Pesquisa de cunho quantitativo. Para coleta de dados foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: questionário de dados socioeconômicos e culturais; WHOQOL Breve e EADS ­ Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse. Os dados foram avaliados estatisticamente com auxílio do Programa SPSS­ versão 2.0 para Windows. RESULTADOS: Participaram da pesquisa 570 Universitários, 344 estudantes da Instituição Privada e 226 da Instituição Pública, dos gêneros feminino e masculino, entre 16 e 55 anos. Os resultados revelaram que não houve diferença significativa na qualidade de vida nos domínios Psicológico e Social de ambas as Instituições. Os domínios mais afetados, ou seja, aquele, em que os universitários encontram mais prejuízo é no que se referem ao domínio Físico e Meio Ambiente de ambas as Instituições. CONCLUSÃO: Assim sendo, observa-se que os estudantes obtiveram um grau leve de estresse, depressão e ansiedade em ambas as instituições. Ao correlacionar os domínios de qualidade de vida e as variáveis: ansiedade, depressão e estresse, observou-se que quanto maior a depressão, menor a qualidade de vida nos domínios psicológico e ambiental. A partir dos resultados, sugerem-se estudos mais aprofundados.

INTRODUCTION: Variables such as depression, anxiety, stress, and quality of life offer indicators of health and illness in young students undergoing professional training, as they represent four of the ten main causes of disability in the world. General. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the correlation of the presence of signs and symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and quality of life of university students from two institutions, one public, and one private. OBJECTIVES: a) Characterize the socio-demographic profile; b) Assess symptoms of depression, signs of anxiety and stress, assess general quality of life; c) correlate the variables quality of life, signs, and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress. METHOD: Quantitative research. The following instruments were used for data collection: socioeconomic and cultural data questionnaire; Brief WHOQOL and EADS ­ Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale Data were statistically evaluated using the SPSS Program ­ version 2.0 for Windows. RESULTS: 570 university students, 344 students from private and 226 from the public, male and female, aged between 16 and 55, participated in the research. The results revealed no significant difference in the quality of life in both institutions' Psychological and Social domains. The most affected domains, that is, the ones in which university students find the most damage, are related to both institutions' physical and Environmental domains. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it is observed that students obtained a mild degree of stress, depression, and anxiety in both institutions. When correlating the domains of quality of life and the variables: anxiety, depression, and stress, it was observed that the greater the depression, the lower the quality of life in the psychological and environmental domains. From the results, further studies are suggested

NTRODUCCIÓN: Variables como depresión, ansiedad, estrés y calidad de vida ofrecen indicadores de salud y enfermedad en jóvenes estudiantes en formación profesional, ya que representan cuatro de las diez principales causas de discapacidad en el mundo. OBJETIVO GENERAL: Evaluar y correlacionar la presencia de signos y síntomas de depresión, ansiedad, estrés y calidad de vida en estudiantes universitarios de dos instituciones, una pública y otra privada; OBJETIVOS: a) Caracterizar el perfil sociodemográfico; b) Evaluar síntomas de depresión, signos de ansiedad y estrés y calidad de vida en general; c) correlacionar las variables calidad de vida, signos y síntomas de ansiedad, depresión y estrés. MÉTODO: Investigación cuantitativa. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: cuestionario de datos socioeconómicos y culturales; Los datos breves de WHOQOL y EADS - Depresión, Ansiedad and Escala de Estrés se evaluaron estadísticamente utilizando el programa SPSS - versión 2.0 para Windows. RESULTADOS: La encuesta incluyó a 570 estudiantes universitarios, 344 estudiantes de la Institución Privada y 226 de la Institución Pública, hombres y mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre los 16 y 55 años. Los resultados revelaron que no hubo diferencia significativa en la calidad de vida en los dominios Psicológico y Social de ambas instituciones. Los dominios más afectados, es decir, aquél en el que los estudiantes universitarios encuentran más daño está relacionado con el dominio Físico y Ambiental de ambas Instituciones. CONCLUSIÓN: Por lo tanto, se observa que los estudiantes obtuvieron un grado leve de estrés, depresión y ansiedad en ambas instituciones. Al correlacionar los dominios de calidad de vida y las variables: ansiedad, depresión y estrés, se observó que, a mayor depresión, menor calidad de vida en los dominios psicológico y ambiental. A partir de los resultados, se sugieren más estudios.

Should doctors know their patients' attachment style? a psychological perspective and its impact on cardiac surgery outcomes

Abstract Objective: To increase our understanding of the psychological attachment styles in order to develop a preventative strategy that could potentially improve patients' perioperative outcomes. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed utilizing major electronic databases. The search was done from inception to January 2019. All of the relevant papers have been extracted and critically appraised in this review. Results: Understanding the psychological aspects of patients is crucial for a satisfactory postoperative outcome. Depression and anxiety have been shown to increase both mortality and morbidity after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, independently of medical factors, although the behavioural and biological mechanisms are poorly understood. Psychosocial assessment is an important part of the pre-transplant evaluation process. The majority of individuals undergoing a transplant have significant psychosocial problems and can either be deferred or denied the transplant until these psychosocial issues are approached and managed. Psychological distress has been shown to affect long-term prognosis of cardiac patients and as a result, it should be addressed during follow-up of cardiac arrest survivors due to cardiac cause. Several studies have considered different approaches and analyses of different psychological attachments, and the understanding of such parameters perioperatively could possibly minimise perioperatively complications. Conclusion: Since psychological distress affects long-term prognosis of cardiac surgery patients, it should be addressed during follow-up of cardiac arrest survivors due to cardiac cause.

Can Dark Chocolate Alleviate Anxiety, Depressive And Stress Symptoms Among Trainee Nurses? A Parallel, Open-Label Study

Objective: This interventional study was aimed to investigate the effects of dark chocolate consumption on anxiety, depression, and stress (ADS) among trainee nurses. Methods: A parallel and open-label experimental study was conducted. Of the 128 nurses enrolled, only 47 participated in the intervention study (mean age = 20.32 years; ranging from 19 to 22 years old). They were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG, n = 25) or a control group (CG, n = 22). The IG consumed dark chocolate and CG ingested mineral water for 3 consecutive days. The validated Malay Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were utilised for measuring ADS levels. Data were analysed descriptively and score comparisons were conducted using non-parametric tests. Results: No significant differences between IG and CG in ADS scores were detected at baseline (all p > 0.05). At post-consumption, ADS score were significantly reduced in IG (all p < 0.01) compared with CG (all p < 0.05). Larger effect sizes among these respondents had also revealed that there were mood-elevating effects of dark chocolate consumption. Conclusion: This study has discovered that 3-day consumption of dark chocolate may alleviate ADS status among trainee nurses suggesting that dark chocolate may have a more prominent role in improving emotional and mood generally. Further investigations are however warranted to confirm this finding.

Different effects of imipramine and fluoxetine on depression and anxiety-related behavior induced by stress in adolescent rats / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To establish chronic stress model of depression in adolescent rats and to examine the effects of different antidepressant treatment on depression and anxiety-related behaviors.Methods Male Wistar rats were given 21-day chronic mild stress (CMS) during their adolescence (postnatal day 30～50, PND30～50).During stress period, rats were treated with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg i.p.) or imipramine (10 mg/kg i.p.), respectively.After stress, rats were tested for behavioral observation using body weight gain, saccharine test, open field and elevated plus-maze (EPM).Results Compared with control/vehicle (n=10) group, stress/vehicle (n=11) group displayed lower weight gain, saccharine preference index and the number of rearing in open field (P<0.05).Antidepressant fluoxetine, but not imipramine reversed anhedonia and the decrease of the number of rearing induced by stress.In addition, compared with early adolescent(PND29) rats, late adolescent (PND52) rats in control/vehicle group exhibited less open arm entries and open arm time, more closed arm time in EPM (P<0.05).Rats in stress/vehicle group showed more open arm entries and less closed arm time than controls(P<0.05).Both fluoxetine and imipramine had no effects on such changes.Conclusions Stress can induce the depression-like behavior in adolescent rats.Fluoxetine, but not imipramine,can effectively reverse anhedonia induced by stress.However, Both antidepressants have no significant effects on stress-induced decrease in developmental increment of anxious behavior during adolescence.These data suggest that chronic mild stress have complicated effects on depressive and anxious behavior in adolescent rats.